Maryam Rostami; Forood Sharifi; Mohammad Hossein Mahdian; Samaneh Arvandi
Abstract
Nowadays, we see the growth and development of several models for the design of water supply systems, flood estimation, allocation and use of water resources, runoff and wastewater management in urban areas and management of aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the water yield and water demand is one of ...
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Nowadays, we see the growth and development of several models for the design of water supply systems, flood estimation, allocation and use of water resources, runoff and wastewater management in urban areas and management of aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the water yield and water demand is one of the main components of decision making for the management of resources, watersheds and phenomena such as drought. The lack of a system that supports correct decision making and timely decisions is entirely evident for management of surface waters and drought risk in the country. For creating of fetus system, it is necessary reviewing and assessing the water yield in the country. In this study, the 7th order basin in the Markazi province, that is located in the semi-arid climate, are simulated and analyzed with using rainfall, evaporation and discharge data by using of AWBM and SFB models. The main objectives of this research are included of extracting physical parameters of the model, conversion of rainfall point data into regional data using different methods and routine, analysis of calculated evaporation and evapotranspiration and aggregated of data for simulating the 7th order basin and estimation of potential surface water yield Markazi province.
Freidoon Soleimani; Aaollah Kavian; Karim Solaimani; Forod Sharifi; Kaka Shahedi
Abstract
The major issues that must be addressed in watersheds is correct estimating threshold from the rainfall events. According to the agricultural leveling land and irrigation and drainage network of study area is exposed to sourounding runoff destruction, so watershed management activities such as design ...
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The major issues that must be addressed in watersheds is correct estimating threshold from the rainfall events. According to the agricultural leveling land and irrigation and drainage network of study area is exposed to sourounding runoff destruction, so watershed management activities such as design of small-scale water structures, sediment control structures, implementing the management actions in vegetation, soil and land utilization is required to understand and estimate surface runoff threshold. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil conservation practices on runoff initiation time and runoff coefficient using rainfall simulator in the Arayez plain. For this purpose, a rain simulator with a metal plot that has a square meter area was used. The treatments consisted of natural soil (observed), polyacrylamide at two levels 3 and 6 grams per square meter (P3 and P6, respectively) and Parsian mulch (Pc) that were conducted in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil with three replications. The rainfall intensities set up to be of 32 and 50 mm per hour in slopes 7.5 and 12.5 percent. For statistical comparison split split plot design was used. Least Significant Difference (LSD) method was used for comparison of means. Results indicated that the mean of runoff initiation time in observed treatment is higher than mulch treatments, it means which runoff begins later in observed treatment. Mulches of P6 and Pc have not significantly differences in runoff initiation time. Runoff initiation time in P3 mulch much earlier began than the other treatments. Also, results revealed that the mean of runoff coefficient in different treatments (observed, P3, P6 and Pc) have a significant differences, and belonged to separate group.
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini; Mahmoud Raeini; Foroud Sharifi; Mohammadali Gholami
Abstract
One of the important reasons of soil erosion and sediment production in irrigation and drainage canal networks is the soil instability. Erosion mechanism in this type of channel starts with the impact of raindrops and soil aggregation, so that broken fine particles lead to blockage the pores. In this ...
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One of the important reasons of soil erosion and sediment production in irrigation and drainage canal networks is the soil instability. Erosion mechanism in this type of channel starts with the impact of raindrops and soil aggregation, so that broken fine particles lead to blockage the pores. In this condition, soil permeability is reduced compared to the initial state and runoff that is increasing. Increased runoff on slopes of moderate to steep, rises shear stress sharply which causes soil destruction and produces sediment production. To overcome this problem, suitable vegetation cover deployment is appropriate, but in some situations, vegetation cover establishment is not possible simply due to special circumstances and it is not the best solution in the short term as well. One of the ways of controlling erosion on slopes is the use of various mechanical structures, commonly used in engineering projects, that is associated with expensive costs. Another solution that was tested in this research, is the use of natural corrective materials such as organic mulch and natural rectifier materials. In this study, by using four types of various organic mulch, soil erosion resistance of various parameters of the drain canal bank was studied using simulated rainfall in the rainfall laboratory of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute. In this article, the results of using bio mulch for erosion control, on the drainage channel bank are provided. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate type and density of different mulch on canal bank erosion reduction for irrigation and drainage network channel project that is located in Arayez plain of Khuzestan. With the use of four organic mulch, at least 40 experiments on soil samples were done. For the all laboratory tests, 25 kg soil samples were pressed inside the steel basins, to imply the bulk density of soil in nature. Treatments in the flume with a slope of 1 to 1.25, similar side slope drains, in both 30 and 80 mm per hour rainfall intensity were simulated. Each treatment was applied at three densities. The results showed that all mulch treatments compared with control samples had a significant effect on sediment and it confirmed that the bio mulch are effective in the erosion control of the bank drainage channel. The results showed that the mulch will lead to reduce sediment more than 90 percent. Therefore, the use of mulch 1 and 4 in the highest density, have the greatest impact on the rate of erosion. It was also found that by increasing density of mulch, the amount of sediment reduced significantly.
Forod Sharifi; Mehdi Rahmani Jevinani; Hamid Davoodi
Abstract
The objective of this paper is introducing and applying a two-dimensional electrical tomography method in detection of water movement and evaluating the effects of watershed management measures. For these, four Dipole–Dipole profiles were designed operated and the data were recorded. These profiles ...
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The objective of this paper is introducing and applying a two-dimensional electrical tomography method in detection of water movement and evaluating the effects of watershed management measures. For these, four Dipole–Dipole profiles were designed operated and the data were recorded. These profiles included; profile A in the east-west direction, profile B and C in the north- south on the right bank upstream and downstream of the dam site and the D and E profiles, perpendicular to the river, on the right bank of the river valley. The RES2DINV software was used for two dimensional modeling. The results checked and calibrated using geological survey. Two water leakage path of a buried river channels and other stalagmites along the right bank of the river were detected. Results from profiles A indicated that fault damage zone North-South and seepage from the right abutment. The recorded resistivity of dam embankment was high; so the clay, which is used for construction of dam, is dry and shows a stable condition. The profile B was recorded at the distance of 50 meters from dam axis. A zone of low resistivity (with a dimension of 20*15 meters) was detected. This zone represents a pore space containing a high percentage of recharged water. The stored water flow slowly into other fracture zones down gradient along the watercourse. The D profile indicates the presence of buried river is the path that hydraulic gradient and direction with corresponding points A and B is consistent in the profiles. In conclusion, application of a two-dimensional electrical tomography method showed promise as a low cost and relatively quick methodology in evaluation of water movement in catchments. All in all, the effectiveness of the implemented watershed management activities was quantitatively approved by applying the aforesaid technique.
Hossein Saadati; Shaban Ali Gholami; Foroud Sharifi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2009, , Pages 87-98
Abstract
Lack of hydrometric data is the main issue for research and executive plans. In the present study in order to solve this issue, the capability of SWAT model has been studied in terms of daily discharge simulation in un-gauged watersheds. This model can simulate six hydrological and biological processes ...
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Lack of hydrometric data is the main issue for research and executive plans. In the present study in order to solve this issue, the capability of SWAT model has been studied in terms of daily discharge simulation in un-gauged watersheds. This model can simulate six hydrological and biological processes such as daily discharge, daily sediment, yearly and monthly water balance, water quality, agricultural products and estimation of vegetative cover for different animal grazing management systems. Simulation has been done for both gauged and un-gauged basins in Kasilian catchment for two time periods as calibration and validation of model. Calibration has been done using data derived from 4 years recording data (1987-1981) while validation has been done using 6 years data (1981-1986). Results show that, ABF, CN2 and REVAPC parameters are most sensitive and also Z and T-Laps parameters are low sensitive among other parameters. The model simulated runoff reasonable with r2=0.69, PBIAS=-2.5, and NS=0.72, whereas, the validation of model for the same data showed that r2=0.57, PBIAS=4.3, and NS=-0.54, which indicates that the performance this model is not quite valid for low stream flows because of sensitivity of hydrological parameters. The new version of SWAT model, modified during 2000 to 2005, has a capability in using GIS, thus it can be used in the same study area.
